Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: • Participants aged ≥ 18 with diagnosis CWP; A modified version of the London Fibromyalgia Epidemiology Study Screening Questionnaire (LFESSQ) will be used to screen for the presence of CWP. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with fibromyalgia, a subgroup with complex neurobiological, behavioural and psychological factors on its pathogenesis, will be excluded.\[8\] This will be based on The American College of Rheumatology 2010 when subjects with CWP but with a widespread pain index (WPI) of ≥ 7 and a symptom severity scale (SSS) score of ≥ 5 or a WPI between 3 and 6 and an SSS score of ≥ 9. * Patients have a history of inflammatory bowel disease or gastrointestinal malignancy * Patients have previous abdominal surgery (other than cholecystectomy or appendectomy) * Patients have depression defined by having a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score \> 15 * Patients have anxiety defined by having a Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD7) score \> 10 * Patients have active infection at the time of inclusion * Patients have used antibiotic therapy or anti-inflammatory drugs within the past 7 days * Patients have any other organic causes that can explain the symptoms of CWP * Current pregnancy * Confirmed current active malignancy or cancers * Pregnancy test negative for all female patients of child-bearing potential (except postmenopausal patients and sterilized patients).