Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Healthy asymptomatic adults will not have any complaints of current pain and impairments of neuromusculoskeletal systems within the last 6 months. * For patients with CNP * Pain was unilateral or bilateral between the superior nuchal line and 1st thoracic vertebra * Neck pain persisting for 3 months and above * Average pain intensity of last pain episode was between 2 and 8 based on the numeric rating scale (NRS). Exclusion criteria: ◾For patients with CNP and healthy asymptomatic adults * Acute or the first onset of neck pain * Traumatic cause of pain * Previous fracture or surgery of the spine * Diagnosed cardiopulmonary diseases, for example, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary tuberculosis, asthma, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema * Diagnosed gastrointestinal and abdominal conditions which may interfere daily activities within the past 6 months * Medical conditions that may affect balance and study procedures (e.g. neurological diseases, vestibular disorders, malignant tumors) * Metabolic diseases such as anemia and diabetes * Smoking, plan to pregnant or in pregnancy * Psychological disorders (affect questionnaire responses) * Unable to walk independently * Corrected visual abnormalities or individuals unable to wear contact lenses for vision correction due to the potential interference of wearing VR head-mounted display with glasses.