Clinical Research Directory

For inclusion * each subject had to be systemically healthy * aged 20 to 80 years. Subjects were excluded if they: * had less than 5 teeth in each jaw quadrant, * regularly used a mouthwash as part of their oral hygiene routine, * had received antibiotics during the last 6 months or during the study period, * were pregnant or lactating, * had a known systemic illness (i.e. HIV/AIDS, diabetes mellitus, cancer, diseases of bone metabolism, diseases affecting wound healing) or were treated with immunosuppressants, chemotherapy, radiation, calcium antagonists, antiepileptics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.