Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: (1) aged 12 to 18 years; (2) met the ICD-11 criteria for Hazardous Gaming, defined as a pattern of gaming, either online or offline, that appreciably increases the risk of harmful physical or mental health consequences to the individual or to others around the individual, often persists in spite of awareness of increased risk of harm, and warrants attention and advice from health professionals but does not meet the diagnostic requirements for Gaming Disorder \[1\], as confirmed by structured clinical interview; (3) had the conditions necessary to participate in the online intervention, including continuous access to a smartphone for one month; (4) full understanding of the study objectives and procedures; (5) written informed consent jointly signed by the adolescent and their parent or legal guardian. Exclusion Criteria: (1) severe physical illness or intellectual disability; or (2) met the full diagnostic criteria for GD.