Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Gingival Hyperpigmentation: Presence of physiological melanin pigmentation in the maxillary anterior region, categorized as Grade 3 or 4 according to the Heden Gingival Pigmentation Index. 2. Age Demographic: Patients aged 20 years or older. 3. Periodontal Health: Absence of active periodontal disease (e.g., periodontitis or gingivitis). 4. Gingival Biotype: Presence of a medium-to-thick gingival biotype. 5. Attached Gingiva: An adequate width of attached gingiva to ensure surgical stability. 6. Oral Hygiene: Demonstration of good oral hygiene with a proven ability to maintain effective plaque control throughout the study period. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Systemic Pigmentation: Presence of gingival discoloration secondary to systemic conditions or metabolic disorders. 2. Drug-Induced Pigmentation: Hyperpigmentation resulting from the administration of specific pharmacological agents. 3. Poor Oral Hygiene: Inadequate plaque control or a lack of compliance with oral self-care instructions. 4. Smoking Status: Current smokers or individuals with a recent history of tobacco use, due to its confounding effect on gingival pigmentation and wound healing. 5. Physiological Status: Pregnant or lactating women. 6. Systemic Health \& Medication: Patients with underlying systemic diseases or those receiving medications known to influence periodontal tissue integrity or inflammatory response (e.g., immunosuppressants or calcium channel blockers). 7. Periodontal Disease: Presence of active periodontitis or attachment loss.