Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients undergoing cholecystectomy either lap or open or lap converted into open. 2. Patients whose gallbladder specimens are available for complete histopathological examination. 3. Patients who provide written informed consent to participate in the study. 4. Patients of both sexes and all eligible adult age groups. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with preoperatively confirmed gallbladder carcinoma. 2. Patients undergoing cholecystectomy as part of planned oncological surgery for another malignancy. 3. Patients with missing, damaged, or inadequately preserved gallbladder specimens. 4. Patients with incomplete clinical or histopathological data. 5. Patients refusing participation or postoperative follow-up. \-