Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Diagnosis of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) according to the Camitta criteria, transfusion-dependent non-severe aplastic anemia (TD-NSAA), or inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS) with an indication for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). * Age 1 to 50 years, regardless of sex. * No available HLA-matched sibling donor or 10/10 HLA-matched unrelated donor. * Eligible for single-unit unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) using a cord blood unit that meets the protocol-defined HLA matching and minimum cell dose requirements. * Negative donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies (DSA) against the selected cord blood unit before transplantation. * Adequate cardiac, hepatic, renal, and pulmonary function. * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-2. * Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation-Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI) score 0-2. * Serum ferritin \<1000 μg/L, or prior iron chelation therapy if serum ferritin exceeds this threshold. * Female participants of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test before enrollment and agree to use effective contraception during treatment and for 12 months after transplantation. * Ability to understand the study requirements and provision of written informed consent by the participant or the participant's legally authorized representative. Exclusion Criteria: * Diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), or other hematologic disorders causing pancytopenia. * Previous allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or solid organ transplantation. * Active, uncontrolled bacterial, viral, or fungal infection despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy. * Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or active hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection. * Pregnancy or breastfeeding. * History of malignancy within 3 years before transplantation, except adequately treated basal cell carcinoma or carcinoma in situ of the cervix. * Treatment with rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) within 2 weeks before transplantation. * Known hypersensitivity to rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG). * Active substance abuse, uncontrolled psychiatric illness, cognitive impairment, or any condition that may interfere with study participation or protocol compliance. * Participation in another interventional clinical trial within 3 months before enrollment. * Any medical, psychological, or social condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would make the participant unsuitable for the study or interfere with study participation or follow-up.