Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * • Age ≥60 years. * Attendance at the ophthalmology outpatient clinics during the recruitment period. * Willingness to participate and ability to provide written informed consent. * Ability to undergo the planned ophthalmic examination. Exclusion Criteria: * Macular diseases unrelated to AMD that substantially interfere with AMD assessment, such as diabetic macular edema, macular dystrophy or retinal vein occlusion involving the macula. * Pathologic myopia with macular complications that mimic or obscure AMD. * Major ocular trauma or previous vitreoretinal surgery preventing reliable macular assessment. * Media opacity preventing adequate fundus examination/imaging when retinal assessment cannot subsequently be achieved. * Active ocular infection preventing safe examination. * Other retinal disorders judged by the investigator to make AMD classification unreliable.