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Acute Effects of Stretching, Kinesio Taping, Cold Water Immersion and Foam Rolling on Wrist Strength and Precise Force and Position Control
Sponsor: Grgur Kovačić
Summary
Static stretching, dynamic stretching, elastic (Kinesio) taping, brief cold water immersion and foam rolling are used daily in sport and rehabilitation to prepare the forearm and hand, but it is not known whether, immediately after use, they change how strongly the wrist can flex and how precisely a person can control the force and the position of the wrist. This study measured all five methods in the same 56 healthy adults on separate weekly visits, immediately before and after each method, in a randomised crossover design. Outcomes included peak isometric wrist-flexion force, normalised error in a force-tracking task, normalised error in a position-tracking task, and active range of motion. The study also quantified learning across visits and the measurement properties of the variables. The trial was registered retrospectively; the reason is given in the detailed description.
Official title: Acute Effects of Static Stretching, Assisted Dynamic Stretching, Kinesio Taping, Cold Water Immersion and Foam Rolling on Maximal Isometric Wrist-Flexion Strength and on Precise Force and Position Modulation of the Wrist in Healthy Adults: A Randomised Five-Period Crossover Trial
Key Details
Gender
All
Age Range
20 Years - 35 Years
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Enrollment
56
Start Date
2022-04-04
Completion Date
2022-05-13
Last Updated
2026-10-21
Healthy Volunteers
Yes
Interventions
Static stretching
Seated, the participant grasped the fingers and palm of the test hand with the other hand, placed the fingers and wrist in maximal extension with the forearm supinated, extended the elbow fully and held the position for one continuous bout of 60 seconds at an intensity "to the limit of pain tolerance".
Assisted dynamic stretching
Seated with the forearm supinated, the participant actively extended the elbow and wrist; at the end of the active range the other hand grasped the fingers and palm and added passive extension of the fingers and wrist to the limit of pain tolerance; the position was held for about 2 seconds and the arm returned actively over about 2 seconds, non-ballistically; about 15 cycles in 60 seconds.
Kinesio taping
Kinesio Tex Gold 5-centimetre tape applied by the examiner: a Y-strip anchored without tension on the medial epicondyle with the tails along the wrist-flexor bellies to the wrist joint line at 30-40% tension (facilitation), and an I-strip across the palmar wrist at 50-75% tension with inward pressure (mechanical correction). The tape remained on during the post-intervention measurement.
Cold water immersion
Hand and forearm immersed above the elbow in water at 14 degrees Celsius (plus or minus 1 degree) for 60 seconds; arm towel-dried before testing.
Foam rolling
Standing, the forearm flexors were rolled on a smooth foam roller placed on a table, from distal to proximal and back, for 60 seconds, with pressure "to the limit of pain" and pauses on tender spots.
Locations (1)
PROPRIO Centar - Physical Therapy
Zadar, Croatia