Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age 18 to 60 years. 2. Diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). 3. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score of at least 60 at screening. 4. Initiation, dose adjustment, or switching of antipsychotic medication within the preceding 72 hours. 5. The participant or legally authorized representative is able to understand the study procedures and voluntarily provide written informed consent, as applicable. 6. Ability to cooperate with MRI scanning, TI treatment, clinical assessments, and follow-up visits during the study. Exclusion Criteria: 1. History of a suicide attempt, or a score of 3 or higher on item 3 (suicidal ideation) of the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale at screening. 2. A current DSM-5 diagnosis of another major psychiatric disorder, such as bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder with psychotic features, schizoaffective disorder, or substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder. 3. A major neurological disorder, such as organic brain damage or severe traumatic brain injury. 4. A contraindication to TI or MRI, including an implanted electronic device; MRI-incompatible intracranial or other metallic implants; wounds or active infection of the scalp at electrode contact sites; severe allergy to electrodes or conductive materials; severe claustrophobia; inability to lie supine; or another condition judged by the investigator to make TI or MRI unsuitable. 5. Pregnancy or breastfeeding. 6. Receipt of TI, another form of transcranial electrical stimulation, or electroconvulsive therapy within the preceding 6 months. 7. Alcohol or another psychoactive substance use disorder within the preceding 6 months, or urine/blood toxicology at screening indicating recent use of illicit psychoactive substances. 8. A history of seizures, a clear familial risk of epilepsy, or use of medication that substantially lowers the seizure threshold and cannot be adjusted. 9. Severe or unstable physical illness, including uncontrolled cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, severe hepatic or renal dysfunction, serious systemic infection, malignancy, or severe endocrine/metabolic abnormalities, that may increase study risk or interfere with study completion in the investigator's judgment. 10. Severe aggression or impulsivity, agitation, delirium, impaired consciousness, or another acute condition that prevents safe cooperation with TI, MRI, or clinical assessments. 11. Significant cognitive impairment, intellectual disability, language or hearing impairment, or another condition that prevents understanding of study requirements, completion of assessments, or provision of reliable information. 12. Participation in another interventional clinical study within 3 months before screening, or current participation in another study that may affect evaluation of efficacy or safety in this study. 13. Anticipated poor adherence, difficulty completing follow-up, or any other condition that, in the investigator's judgment, would compromise participant safety or rights, interfere with study completion, or affect interpretation of the study results.