Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Currently in their second pregnancy * Documented history of GDM in the first pregnancy * Gestational age 20-24 weeks at the time of enrollment. The upper limit of gestational age will set at 24 weeks at the time of inclusion to allow for at least 12 weeks of intervention. * Singleton pregnancy * Body mass index (BMI) \<40 kg/m2) * Muscle strength of upper \& lower limb at level IV or above * Suffering from stress urinary incontinence diagnosed by Cough Stress Test. * Medically cleared for physical activity by their obstetrician Exclusion Criteria: * Pre-existing type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus * Previous history of abortion * Patients with severe obstetric complications and contraindications listed in the 2023 of BMJ entitled Public health guidelines for physical activity during pregnancy * High-risk obstetric complications (e.g., preeclampsia, placenta previa) * Musculoskeletal or neurological disorders limiting physical activity * Any current or previous pelvic floor dysfunction diagnosed by healthcare professionals like pelvic organ prolapse grade III or IV * Participation in any other structured exercise or lifestyle intervention program * Severe damage to the heart, liver, lungs, or kidneys * Acute or chronic complications caused by diabetes, such as ketoacidosis or diabetic foot