Inclusion criteria:
* Patients:
* Resident of Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, or Rwanda and living in a selected study region.
* Adult aged 18 to under 65 years or adolescent aged 10 to 17 years.
* Had at least one diagnosis of uncomplicated malaria during the most recent malaria season.
* Received at least one oral antimalarial treatment during the most recent malaria season.
* Able to participate in an interview in an applicable study language.
* Willing and able to provide informed consent; for adolescents, documented parental or legal-guardian permission and adolescent assent will be obtained as required.
* Adolescents aged 10 to 12 years will not be interviewed independently; a caregiver will respond on their behalf.
* Caregivers:
* Resident of Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, or Rwanda and living in a selected study region.
* Aged 18 to 65 years.
* Parent, sibling, friend, or neighbor who provides non-professional care to an eligible child or adolescent.
* Care recipient had uncomplicated malaria during the most recent malaria season.
* Care recipient received at least one oral antimalarial treatment during the most recent malaria season.
* Able to participate in an interview in an applicable study language.
* Willing and able to provide informed consent.
* Healthcare providers:
* Based in Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, or Rwanda and practicing in a selected study region and facility.
* Eligible professional role according to the country-specific recruitment plan.
* At least 2 years of relevant professional experience.
* Personally involved in the diagnosis, treatment, prescribing, preparation, administration, dispensing, follow-up, education, supply, or supervision of care for patients with uncomplicated malaria, as applicable to the professional role.
* Meets protocol-defined minimum malaria patient-care or treatment-volume requirements.
* Able to participate in an interview in an applicable study language.
* Willing and able to provide informed consent.
* Community health personnel:
* Based in Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, or Rwanda and working in a selected study region.
* Eligible community health role according to the country-specific recruitment plan.
* At least 2 years of experience in the role.
* Involved in diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, education, supply, or supervision relating to uncomplicated malaria, as applicable.
* Meets protocol-defined minimum malaria-care requirements where applicable.
* Able to participate in an interview in an applicable study language.
* Willing and able to provide informed consent.
Exclusion criteria:
* Patients and caregivers:
* Not resident in a target country or selected study region.
* Patient or care recipient did not have uncomplicated malaria during the most recent malaria season.
* Patient or care recipient did not use an oral antimalarial treatment during the most recent malaria season.
* Patient currently reports being pregnant or having been pregnant within the previous 6 months.
* Currently employed by a pharmaceutical company outside clinical-trial work.
* Participated in a clinical study testing a new malaria treatment during the previous 3 months.
* Professional caregiver.
* Unable to participate in an applicable study language.
* Unwilling or unable to provide the required consent, parental permission, or assent.
* Healthcare providers and community health personnel:
* Based outside Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, and Rwanda or outside the selected study regions.
* Not involved in relevant care, treatment, dispensing, follow-up, education, supply, or supervision for uncomplicated malaria.
* Works exclusively in a setting outside the protocol-defined eligible settings.
* Limited or no involvement in antimalarial stocking decisions where this is required for the role.
* Currently employed by a pharmaceutical company outside clinical-trial work.
* Unable to participate in an applicable study language.
* Unwilling or unable to provide informed consent.
