Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Preterm neonates will be eligible for inclusion in the study if they meet all of the following criteria: 1. Gestational age between less than 37 weeks (best obstetric estimate). 2. Age at randomization ≤6 hours of life (preferably ≤2 hours when feasible). 3. Requirement of invasive ventilation via endotracheal intubation for respiratory failure, with planned management using high frequency oscillatory ventilation as the primary mode. 4. Clinical and/or radiological evidence of diffuse lung disease consistent with respiratory distress syndrome or early diffuse atelectasis, evidenced by at least one of the following: * Clinical signs of respiratory distress with increasing oxygen requirement despite adequate distending pressure support. * Lung ultrasound or chest radiograph findings consistent with respiratory distress syndrome or diffuse atelectasis. 5. Administration of surfactant therapy as part of standard care. Exclusion Criteria: