Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 18 years. Newly diagnosed, histologically/cytologically confirmed adult leukemia patients (AML, ALL, CML, or CLL) before starting definitive induction therapy. Provision of written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Recent blood transfusion within the preceding 3 months before baseline glycemic assessment. Active severe co-existing acute infection or sepsis independent of leukemia diagnosis. Known pre-existing active secondary malignancy. Pregnancy or lactation. History of severe hemoglobinopathies (e.g., sickle cell anemia, thalassemia major) that significantly alter erythrocyte lifespan independent of disease. Incomplete clinical data or loss to follow-up.