Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Documented AF * Currently on a stable regimen of BB for at least three weeks * Informed consent as documented by signature Exclusion Criteria: * Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) \<40% * Severe valvular heart disease * Uncontrolled hypertension defined as systolic BP \> 180 mmHg * AV block Type II, AV block type III * Severe bradycardia, defined as a resting heart rate \<40 bpm on ECG * Currently on a NDCC (Diltiazem or Verapamil) * Concomitant rhythm-controlling medication (antiarrhythmic drugs Vaughan Williams classification I and III) * Currently on Ivabradine, Digoxin, Clonidine, Pimozide, Dihydroergotamine, Nifedipine, Lomitapide * History of atrio-ventricular node ablation * Implanted pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) with a right-ventricular pacing burden \>40% * Previous pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) or electric cardioversion within 90 days prior to study enrolment * Established infiltrative myocardial disease, e.g. amyloidosis, constrictive pericarditis, myocarditis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy * End-stage renal disease, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \<15 ml/min/1.73 m2 * Pregnant or breastfeeding women, or women of childbearing potential who do not use a highly effective form of birth control * Expected life expectancy \< 6months * Drug or alcohol abuse * Inability to understand and sign study information and patient informed consent Both women and men will be enrolled, and sex-specific differences in treatment effects will be examined in a subgroup analysis. No vulnerable populations will be included. All participants are capable of judgment.