Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 18 years old with informed consent * ERBT was successfully performed with clear resection margins * Histologically confirmed intermediate-risk NMIBC * Patients who are ineligible or refused to undergo intravesical BCG therapy Exclusion Criteria: * Any prior use of intravesical induction and/or maintenance chemotherapy instillations * Any prior use of intravesical BCG therapy * Presence or prior history of upper urinary tract malignancy * Presence of clinically significant cardiovascular disease (History of acute myocardial infarction, presence of uncontrolled angina within 3 months before screening, New York Heart Association Class III or IV congestive heart failure, presence of ventricular arrhythmias, or presence of second-degree or third-degree heart block) (20) * Presence of GOLD Stage III or IV chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (21) * ECOG performance status ≥ 2 (Ambulatory and capable of all self-care but unable to carry our any work activities) * Pregnancy * Presence of other active malignancy