Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: \- healthy volunteers Exclusion Criteria: * included history of cardiovascular, liver, or neurological diseases; * pain disorders and/or reports of chronic or acute pain (self-reported); * a score \>10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scales; * any psychiatric diagnosis evaluated through the International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I; DSM-V); * pregnant or breastfeeding women; * previous experience (\> 2 lifetime uses) with ayahuasca; * use of psychoactive medications (antidepressants, mood stabilizers, anxiolytics, and antipsychotics); * use of other drugs (psychostimulants, maximum of 20 lifetime uses; hallucinogens, maximum of 10 lifetime uses). * In addition, participants could not have experienced any kind of pain in the last seven days, as identified through a pre-existing pain condition checklist questionnaire. -