Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults aged ≤65 years * Clinically diagnosed with secretory otitis media, with no improvement after conservative treatment (e.g., pharmacotherapy, Eustachian tube inflation) for ≥3 months, and meeting the clinical indications for tympanostomy tube insertion * Intact tympanic membrane in the affected ear, without old perforation or acute infection * Provision of informed consent and voluntary participation, with the subject or legal guardian understanding and signing the written informed consent form Exclusion Criteria: * Ear structural abnormalities: including external auditory canal malformation, middle ear malformation, inner ear malformation, or a history of prior ear surgery that may affect tube placement * Acute illness or infection within 4 weeks before enrollment: in the acute infection phase such as pneumonia or influenza, or in the recovery phase of acute trauma or surgery * Presence of craniofacial deformities such as cleft palate * Allergy history: known allergy to dairy products, lactoferrin, or other protein components, or a history of severe allergic disease * Coagulation disorders: currently using anticoagulant drugs, or presence of coagulation abnormalities * Severe systemic diseases: including uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, severe hepatic or renal failure, immunocompromise or immunodeficiency (receiving immunosuppressive therapy, patients with advanced malignancy, patients with AIDS, etc.) * Special physiological conditions: pregnant or lactating women * Other circumstances unsuitable for study participation: including psychiatric disorders, cognitive impairment, drug or alcohol dependence, inability to cooperate with follow-up, or other medical or social factors judged by the investigator to make participation in this study inappropriate