Clinical Research Directory

Benefits of Judicial Assistance Dogs for Child Victims in Child Advocacy and Pediatric Assessment Units (UAPEDs)

Child maltreatment is common and encompasses various forms, including psychological, physical, and sexual abuse, exposure to domestic violence, neglect, and sexual exploitation. Each year, French police and gendarmerie services record more than 50,000 child victims of intrafamilial violence, according to data from the Ministerial Statistical Service for Internal Security (SSMSI). Approximately two-thirds of these children are victims of physical violence and one-third are victims of sexual violence. These figures have increased steadily over recent years, particularly for sexual violence, in the context of greater disclosure by victims. Violence against children constitutes a major public health issue because of its short- and long-term physical, psychological, and developmental consequences, as well as the increased risk of involvement in future violence during adolescence or adulthood, either as victims or perpetrators. Children presumed to be victims of abuse are managed in Child Advocacy and Pediatric Assessment Units (Unités d'Accueil Pédiatrique Enfance en Danger, UAPEDs) by multidisciplinary teams comprising physicians, psychologists, nurses, and social workers, following judicial referral or concerns raised by parents or caregivers. Depending on the circumstances, the child may undergo a forensic interview conducted on-site by law enforcement officers (police or gendarmerie), followed by a medico-legal and/or psychological assessment to evaluate the impact of the alleged abuse. This model enables comprehensive care to be delivered in a single location and within a limited timeframe, with professionals working around the child, thereby minimizing repeated disclosures and reducing the risk of retraumatization. The vast majority of forensic interviews are conducted by investigators trained in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) protocol for interviewing children. It has been hypothesized that the involvement of a Judicial Assistance Dog (JAD) may provide benefits to children during forensic interviews, a key stage of the judicial process that can be highly stressful for child victims of abuse who are asked to recount traumatic experiences to an unfamiliar investigator. For centuries, dogs have been domesticated to accompany humans. Since the late twentieth century, they have been specifically trained to assist vulnerable individuals, support people with chronic conditions, and participate in animal-assisted interventions. The role of dogs as part of healthcare and psychosocial support has been extensively studied in recent years. Animal-assisted interventions have been used in a variety of clinical settings with the aim of reducing anxiety, pain, and stress-related symptoms through mechanisms involving emotional regulation and attentional processes. Several studies have reported benefits among children with mental health conditions, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorders, and problematic video gaming behaviors. Assistance dogs are also frequently incorporated into interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder to promote prosocial behaviors, with beneficial interactions observed regardless of the child's verbal communication abilities. In pediatric hospital settings, animal-assisted therapy has been associated with reductions in both blood pressure and pain levels. These effects may be mediated by physiological mechanisms. Exposure to a dog for 15 minutes has been associated with significant reductions in cortisol levels (13), while human-dog interactions have also been linked to changes in electroencephalographic activity and heart rate, potentially enhancing shared attention and emotional regulation. The concept of the Judicial Assistance Dog first emerged in the United States in the early 2000s within court settings. In France, following a model similar to that developed in North America, the first Judicial Assistance Dog, named Lol, joined the Cahors Court of Justice in 2019 to support victims throughout judicial proceedings. Orko, the second Judicial Assistance Dog trained in France, joined the Child Advocacy and Pediatric Assessment Unit of Orléans University Hospital in 2020. Several potential benefits of Judicial Assistance Dogs during forensic interviews have been suggested, including reductions in signs of distress and anxiety among child victims. A study conducted in the United States demonstrated significant decreases in heart rate and blood pressure among presumed child victims of sexual abuse who were accompanied by an assistance dog during the forensic process.

Multi-site, Longitudinal Trial Evaluating the Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Moderators of Service Dogs for Military Veterans With PTSD

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among military Veterans is a critical public health concern. Veteran suicide rates exceed those of the general population, with the disorder creating a mental health challenge that is costly and debilitating. The majority of Veterans with PTSD also have comorbid mental health diagnoses, such as generalized anxiety disorder, substance abuse disorder, and major depression. The treatment of Veteran PTSD and comorbid disorders represents an important therapeutic and rehabilitation problem. The disorder is complex and difficult to treat, with high treatment dropout and nonresponse rates spurring some Veterans to seek complementary integrative health strategies. One promising complementary strategy is the provision of a trained service dog. Initial evidence across multiple research groups highlights service dogs as a promising complement to evidence-based practices that can offer short-term improvements. However, the long-term effectiveness, mechanisms of action, and moderators of efficacy remain largely unknown. Thus, the overarching objective of this proposal is to understand how, why, and for whom PTSD service dogs are most effective. To address this objective, the present project will assess the longitudinal efficacy and dose-response curve of service dogs for Veteran PTSD symptomology and psychosocial functioning. The research design will consist of a two-arm, randomized clinical trial (RCT) with longitudinal assessments over a period of 15 months. Results are expected to elucidate the clinical impact of service dogs for military Veterans with PTSD, as well as the biobehavioral mechanisms of action and characteristics that moderate efficacy. These outcomes will support the long-term goal of accelerating complementary and integrative health interventions, through optimized and evidence-based service dog interventions. As such, this project will further advance the scientific understanding of human-animal interactions for psychosocial health.

Turtle-Assisted Animal Interaction on Dental Anxiety and Physiological Parameters in Children

This study aims to measure the effect of a structured AAT session with a turtle present on dental anxiety and behavioral compliance in children during routine procedures that do not require local anesthesia in a pediatric dental clinic.

Service Dogs and Prolonged Exposure Therapy for Military-Connected PTSD

This study investigates the impact of Service Dog partnership on the effectiveness of Prolonged Exposure Therapy. We will learn whether Service Dog partnership in combination with Prolonged Exposure Therapy treatment can help Veterans with PTSD.