Clinical Research Directory

Comparison of Capnography and Blood Gas PaCO₂ Measurements

Capnography provides continuous, non-invasive assessment of ventilation by measuring end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO₂). Different capnographic technologies, including mainstream, sidestream, and microstream capnography, may produce different EtCO₂ measurements depending on their sampling and measurement techniques. This prospective, non-randomized observational study was designed to compare EtCO₂ values obtained using mainstream, sidestream, and microstream capnography with carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO₂) values obtained from clinically indicated blood gas analysis in adult patients presenting to the emergency department. For each participant, EtCO₂ measurements were obtained using the three capnographic methods in close temporal proximity to blood gas sampling. The relationship and agreement between blood gas PCO₂ and EtCO₂ measurements were planned to be evaluated using correlation analyses and Bland-Altman analysis. Additional analyses were planned according to whether the blood gas sample was arterial or venous.

Microstream® Capnography in Endobronchial Ultrasonography Applications Under Sedation

Purpose: Researchers wanted to investigate the effect of capnography monitoring in addition to routine monitoring on the development of desaturation and other vital parameters in endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUS) cases. Method: 100 patients who underwent EBUS under sedation will be included in this prospective and randomized controlled study. The cases will be divided into two groups of 50 people each. In the first group, standard monitoring will be performed, and in the second group, in addition to standard monitoring, capnography monitoring will be used. Heart rate, blood pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) values in both groups, end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), respiratory rate and integrated pulmonary index (IPI) values in the second group will be recorded in all cases. Disturbances in vital parameters and airway interventions, which were common in both groups, will ve compared. The frequency of problems detected by capnography monitoring in the second group will be examined.

Evaluation of a Novel Portable Mainstream Capnograph MARIE in Adult Intubated Patients. A Prospective Validation Study

Primary endpoint: To describe the Bland-Altman agreement of end-tidal CO₂ (EtCO₂) measurements between MARIETM airway adapter (Oxlantic Medical AB) and a standard capnography, Getinge Flow-i, in intubated patients.

Bedside Ultrasound for Confirmation of Endotracheal Tube Placement in the Emergency Department

This prospective observational study evaluated the role of bedside ultrasound in confirming endotracheal tube placement in adult patients who underwent endotracheal intubation in the emergency department. Correct placement of the endotracheal tube is critical because unrecognized incorrect placement may cause hypoxemia, hypoxic brain injury, or death. In this study, bedside ultrasound was performed during or immediately after endotracheal intubation without interfering with the intubation procedure. Ultrasound findings were compared with capnographic end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement, which was used as the reference method for confirming tube placement. The main aim was to assess whether bedside ultrasound is a useful and reliable method for confirming endotracheal tube position in emergency department patients.

Transnasal Microstream EtCO2 Reduces Hypoxemia During Emergence in Aged Post-Abdomen Surgery

This prospective, randomized controlled study aims to investigate whether transnasal microstream end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO₂) monitoring in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) reduces the incidence of postoperative hypoxemia in elderly patients (65-80 years, ASA I-III, BMI 18-30 kg/m²) undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. A total of 324 patients will be randomized 1:1 to either the control group (standard SpO₂ monitoring and clinical observation with oxygen delivery at 2 L/min via sampling line) or the experimental group (same oxygen delivery plus continuous real-time transnasal microstream EtCO₂ monitoring). The primary outcome is the incidence of hypoxemia (SpO₂ \< 90% for \>15 seconds) after extubation in the PACU. Secondary outcomes include severe hypoxemia (SpO₂ \< 85%), lowest SpO₂ during PACU stay, vital signs at specified time points, PACU length of stay, and other adverse events. Statistical analysis will use chi-square or Fisher's exact test for the primary outcome, with a sample size calculated to detect a reduction in hypoxemia from 33% (control) to 18% (experimental group) (α=0.05, power=80%, plus 20% dropout).

Trending Ability of End-Tidal Capnography to Reflect Arterial Carbon Dioxide Changes in One-Lung Ventilation

In this study, we want to find out if measuring carbon dioxide from a patient's breath (end-tidal CO₂ or ETCO₂) can reliably reflect changes in blood carbon dioxide levels (arterial CO₂ or PaCO₂) during lung surgery. Instead of just looking at individual values, we are specifically investigating whether ETCO₂ and PaCO₂ rise and fall in the same direction over time. During lung surgery, patients often need "one-lung ventilation," where only one lung is used for breathing while the other is deflated to help the surgeon. This can cause carbon dioxide levels in the blood to change, which are typically monitored by taking blood samples. If ETCO₂ trends closely follow PaCO₂ trends, doctors may not need to take as many blood samples. Patients in this study will already have a small tube in an artery for monitoring blood pressure. Whenever a blood test is taken, we will compare the blood CO₂ level with the ETCO₂ reading at that moment. We will also track heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. By comparing these measurements, we hope to learn whether ETCO₂ reliably follows the same trends as PaCO₂, making it a useful tool for monitoring carbon dioxide levels in lung surgery with fewer blood tests.

The Effect of Oxygen Flow Rate on End-tidal CO2 During Deep Sedation

This study aims to detect the effect of different O2 flow rates on end tidal carbon dioxide level in patients scheduled for minor gynaecological procedures under deep sedation using laryngeal mask airway. * Primary outcome was measuring end tidal carbon dioxide ( EtCO2 ) non invasively by laryngeal mask all through the procedure. * Secondary outcomes included peripheral O2 saturation, hemodynamics, time to recovery, total propofol dose, patients' satisfaction, sedation score, and complications.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Capnography in Nasogastric Tube Placement

A prospective observational diagnostic study will be conducted to assess the sensitivity and specificity of using capnography in detecting the correct placement of nasogastric tubes using the reference standards of radiography and measurement of aspirates for pH value.