Clinical Research Directory

Reliability of Multiple-Repetition-Maximum Tests in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease or Risk Factors

Exercise training is a cornerstone in the prevention and rehabilitation of cardiovascular disease. While research has primarily focused on endurance training, resistance training becomes more and more important. The gold standard to prescribe resistance training intensity or monitor longitudinal changes is the 1-Repetition-Maximum (1-RM) test. However, particularly for unexperienced individuals, this test may not be recommendable due to the high load and an increased risk of injuries. Alternatively, there are several published formulas to estimate the 1-RM based on a multiple-repetition-maximum (or repetition-to-failure) test. However, these formulas have been primarily tested in healthy individuals. Moreover, the reliability of the 1-RM estimation based on two tests with different submaximal weight is unknown. Therefore, the present study evaluates the agreement of the 1-RM estimation (based on different formulas) between two Multiple-RM tests with different weight in 50 patients with cardiovascular disease (heart failure, coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation) or cardiovascular risk factors (type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension).

Effectiveness of Pollution Monitoring in Clinical Exercise Rehabilitation

The primary objective of EPIC-AIR is to evaluate the feasibility and potential effectiveness of integrating real-time air pollution monitoring into cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programmes via an online platform that delivers both exercise prescription and air pollution guidance. Specific objectives are: (1) to determine whether access to real-time air quality data reduces modelled ambient pollution exposure (PM2.5, PM10 and NO2) during outdoor physical activity in CR/PR patients and healthy volunteers; (2) to assess the feasibility of the trial design, including recruitment, randomisation, retention, adherence and completeness of outcome data; (3) to measure the impact of the intervention on physical activity levels, health-related quality of life and cardiovascular biomarkers; and (4) to inform the design and sample size of a future definitive randomised controlled trial

Educational Intervention for Self-Care in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease and Type 2 Diabetes

The goal of this clinical trial was to learn whether a structured educational intervention could improve self-care and selected clinical outcomes in adults with both coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes. The main questions were: Does the educational intervention improve self-care related to coronary heart disease and diabetes? Does the educational intervention improve blood sugar control, body mass index, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol? Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. Participants in the intervention group received one individual face-to-face education session about self-care for coronary heart disease and diabetes, supported by an educational booklet. They also received brief telephone follow-up contacts at weeks 1 and 4 to reinforce the self-care information, discuss problems they experienced, and answer their questions. Participants in the control group continued to receive usual clinical care. Researchers assessed self-care, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol at the start of the study and again at 3 and 6 months.

The Role of 4 Different Consent Approaches on a Pilot Study to Increase Cardiac Rehabilitation Attendance

Cardiac Rehabilitation is a lifestyle and exercise program for patients with heart disease. Cardiac Rehabilitation is strongly recommended in guidelines, but only 30% of eligible patients attend. New strategies are needed to help more patients attend cardiac rehabilitation. In this study, the investigators will see if using an $50 incentive, case management, text messages, and physical activity coaching combined into a single intervention will help more patients attend cardiac rehabilitation. In preparation for a larger trial, patients will also be randomly assigned to four different ways of seeking their permission to be in a research study. The investigators will see if these approaches affect how many people participate in the research project. The two main goals of this study is to understand: 1. If the consent approach type impacts participation rates in the research study 2. If the multi-component intervention (case management, financial incentives, text messages, and physical activity coaching) improves cardiac rehabilitation participation within 3 months.

Real-World Effectiveness and Costs of Yiqi Fumai Lyophilized Injection in Coronary Heart Disease-Related Chronic Heart Failure

This two-center retrospective cohort study will use de-identified electronic health records from June 1, 2021 through June 1, 2026 to compare patients with coronary heart disease-related chronic left ventricular dysfunction or chronic heart failure and Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome who initiated Yiqi Fumai lyophilized injection within 24 hours after a common time zero with eligible patients who did not initiate the drug within 24 hours. Treatment was determined during routine care and was not assigned by the researchers. The planned cohort includes 200 randomly sampled records, comprising 150 initiators and 50 non-initiators. The primary economic outcome is total direct medical cost during the index hospitalization, and the primary comparative-effectiveness outcome is heart-failure-related rehospitalization within 90 days after time zero. Baseline differences will be addressed primarily using propensity-score overlap weighting.

Yiqi Fumai Lyophilized Injection for Chronic Heart Failure Caused by Coronary Heart Disease

This study will evaluate whether adding Yiqi Fumai lyophilized injection to stable guideline-directed treatment improves symptoms, physical limitations, and NT-proBNP in adults with stable chronic heart failure caused by coronary heart disease. About 100 participants at four hospitals in China will receive 8 vials of Yiqi Fumai once daily by intravenous infusion for a planned 10 days. The two main outcomes will be the proportion of participants with at least a 5-point improvement in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score and the proportion with at least a 30% decrease in NT-proBNP at the Day 11 end-of-treatment visit after the 10-day treatment course. Participants will be followed through Day 90 for heart function, exercise capacity, quality of life, safety, healthcare use, costs, and clinical events. A randomly selected subgroup of 50 participants will provide paired blood samples on Day 1 before the first infusion and on Day 11 at the end-of-treatment visit for exploratory transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses.

Single vs. Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Intervention With DCB-only Strategy (KONG-FREEDOM-I)

This investigator-initiated, multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical trial evaluates the safety and efficacy of single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT) utilizing a P2Y12 inhibitor compared to dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in the chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) and stable Acute Coronary Syndrome (S-ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the latest generation rapamycin drug-coated balloon (DCB) without stent implantation. The study aims to assess rates of ischemic and bleeding adverse events.

Construction and Validation of a Coronary Artery Disease-Specific Large Language Model and Its Evaluation Framework (CorAI)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) affects an estimated 11.39 million people in China, and mortality has continued to rise since 2012. Quality-of-care data indicate persistent gaps in diagnostic and therapeutic guideline adherence, incomplete implementation of secondary prevention, and suboptimal risk-factor control. Large language models (LLMs) can rapidly retrieve and integrate literature, medical records, and multimodal clinical data, and may support clinical decision-making. However, most existing medical LLMs are general-purpose, are trained predominantly on published literature and web text rather than authentic clinical records, and have not been validated with real patient data. No disease-specific LLM for CAD currently exists, and no evaluation framework tailored to CAD has been established; existing benchmarks are general-purpose, lack specialty-specific risk grading, are not rigorously anchored to current guidelines, and emphasize literal accuracy over clinically critical reasoning steps and prescription concordance. This prospective, multicenter, observational study will enroll approximately 640 patients with confirmed or suspected CAD at Fuwai Hospital and collaborating centers. No study-specific intervention, examination, biospecimen collection, or additional follow-up visit is performed; all clinical decisions are made independently by the treating physician according to routine standards of care. For consenting participants, routinely generated clinical documentation from the index outpatient visit or hospitalization - including medical history, laboratory results, imaging and coronary angiography/coronary CT angiography reports, physician notes, online consultation records, and follow-up records - will be de-identified and used to construct a high-quality multimodal CAD dataset. This dataset will support the development of a CAD-specific large language model (CorAI), the construction of an evaluation framework spanning eight predefined clinical scenarios and multiple assessment dimensions, and external validation of the model at participating centers. The primary objectives are to characterize the completeness and quality of the constructed prospective cohort dataset, and to quantify the guideline concordance of CorAI-generated clinical recommendations as adjudicated by a blinded panel of cardiologists.

Effect of Evolocumab in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk Without Prior Myocardial Infarction or Stroke

This study will assess the effect of lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with evolocumab on major cardiovascular events in adults without a prior myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke who are at high risk of a cardiovascular event.

Wearable Assessment of Thoracic, Cardiac Health and Exercise Performance Trial Prospective

Wearable health technology, particularly smartwatches, has revolutionized personal health monitoring by enabling continuous, non-invasive tracking of various physiological parameters. The potential applications of these devices in cardiology are extensive, but it is crucial to validate their accuracy against established medical-grade devices. The Apple Watch Series 9 (Apple, USA) exemplifies the capabilities of modern smartwatches, offering a wide range of health tracking features. These include heart rate monitoring, detection of irregular heart rhythms suggestive of atrial fibrillation, electrocardiogram recording, blood oxygen level measurement, and comprehensive mobility metrics (including VO2 max, six-minute walk distance, walking speed, step length, double support time, and walking asymmetry). Many of these parameters are highly relevant for cardiovascular patients, potentially aiding in disease progression monitoring and adverse event prediction. However, there is a lack of comprehensive validation studies for these devices in specific cardiovascular disease populations. This investigator-initiated, prospective observational study will consist of two phases: a training phase which involves 50 participants and a prospective validation phase which involves 20 participants. The study aims to validate smartwatch-based assessments using medical-grade devices and techniques. The study will focus on adult patients with congenital heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, and coronary artery disease, as well as athletes undergoing cardiovascular assessment. By comparing smartwatch data with established clinical measurements, we seek to determine the reliability and potential clinical utility of these wearable devices in diverse cardiovascular contexts. Anonymized smartwatch data collected during the two phases will be published to a publicly registry to facilitate further research. This research will help bridge the gap between consumer-grade wearable technology and clinical practice in cardiology.

Effects of Dioscorea Yam Gruel on Blood Lipid Profiles in PCI Patients With Coronary Heart Disease

This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of Dioscorea yam gruel on blood lipid levels in patients with coronary heart disease after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A total of 72 eligible post-PCI patients were randomly assigned to the control group or the intervention group. Patients in the control group received standard post-procedural treatment and care. In addition to this standard regimen, those in the intervention group were provided with approximately 150 g of Dioscorea yam gruel daily as a partial dinner replacement for 12 consecutive weeks. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and body mass index (BMI) were measured at baseline, and at 8 weeks and 12 weeks of the intervention.

The Effectiveness of a Theory-driven Behavioral Change Intervention on Sedentary Behavior in Individuals With Coronary Heart Disease: A Randomised Controlled Trial

The objective of this randomised controlled trial is to examine the effectiveness of a theory-driven behavioural change intervention on total sedentary time (primary outcomes), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time, intention of behavioural change, future time perception, behavioural prepotency, self-regulation capacity, and exercise capacity in individuals with coronary heart disease. Hypotheses: Compared to the participants in the control group, participants in the intervention group will demonstrate: 1. Significantly less total sedentary time 2. Significantly improved MVPA time, 3. Significantly better intention of behavioural change, 4. Significantly higher level of behavioural prepotency, 5. Significantly enhanced self-regulation capacity, and 6. Significantly greater future time perception 7. Significantly better exercise capacity at the immediate post-intervention (T1), the 1-month post-intervention (T2), and the 6-month post-intervention (T3). Participants will: Participants in the intervention group will participate in a theory-driven behavioural change intervention over three months, comprising four individual face-to-face sessions (45 minutes each) and four individual telephone sessions (20 minutes each), along with the usual care. Participants in the attention control group will continue to have the usual care, which includes regular follow-up at the cardiac clinic. Education sessions, consisting of information about healthy lifestyles, except physical activity and sedentary behaviour, with the same schedule as the intervention group, will be provided to account for potential attention effects from contacts.

Closed-Loop Neurofeedback Targeting the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex for Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Coronary Artery Disease With Anxiety

The goal of this clinical trial is to test whether closed-loop fNIRS-BCI neurofeedback(NF) targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC) can reduce cardiac autonomic arousal, indexed by baseline-corrected heart rate(HR) under cold-induced pain stress, in adults with stable coronary heart disease(CHD) and comorbid anxiety. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does real left DLPFC neurofeedback, compared with sham neurofeedback, lead to a greater reduction in baseline-corrected HR during the cold-induced pain stimulation window? Does real neurofeedback produce stronger volitional upregulation of left DLPFC activation and higher inter-hemispheric synchronisation between left and right DLPFC than sham neurofeedback? Are changes in baseline-corrected HR statistically associated with, and partly mediated by, changes in left DLPFC activation or DLPFC inter-hemispheric synchronisation? What adverse events(AEs) occur during adaptive training and the formal experimental session, and do AE rates differ between the two groups? Researchers will compare a real neurofeedback group with a sham neurofeedback group to determine whether targeting the left DLPFC via closed-loop fNIRS-BCI yields superior modulation of cardiac autonomic responses and prefrontal activation patterns in CHD patients with anxiety. Participants will: undergo cardiac and psychiatric screening to confirm stable CHD, DSM-5 anxiety disorder, and other eligibility criteria; attend three adaptive training sessions(days 1-3) with fNIRS-BCI neurofeedback targeting the left DLPFC, combined with slow-wave auditory stimulation and mild cold-water exposure, while ECG is recorded; on day 4, complete one formal experimental session consisting of 15 blocks of cold-induced pain stimulation and slow-wave auditory stimulation, with simultaneous fNIRS and ECG recording, receiving either real or sham left DLPFC neurofeedback according to randomisation, and continuous monitoring for adverse events.

Closed-Loop Neurofeedback Targeting the Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex for Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Coronary Artery Disease With Anxiety

The goal of this clinical trial is to test whether real-time fNIRS-BCI neurofeedback targeting the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (right DLPFC), using active volitional control during a slow-wave auditory acoustic paradigm, can suppress cardiac sympathetic activity and improve autonomic regulation in right-handed patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) and comorbid DSM-5 anxiety. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does real neurofeedback, compared with sham, reduce baseline-corrected heart rate during the auditory stimulation window? Does real neurofeedback, compared with sham, increase HRV spectral power around 0.0167 Hz (1/60 Hz) and produce stronger suppression of right DLPFC activation? Does suppression of right DLPFC activation mediate the effect of group assignment on heart rate? If there is a comparison group: Researchers will compare the real neurofeedback group with the sham (non-contingent) feedback group, which uses identical audio and interface, to determine whether coupling feedback to right DLPFC activity yields autonomic benefits. Participants will: Complete eligibility screening in cardiology and psychiatry and provide informed consent; baseline demographics, medical history, vital signs, and medications are recorded (HAMA/HAMD used for eligibility only). Undergo a 3-day adaptation phase to practice active volitional self-regulation while viewing a real-time energy bar mapped to right DLPFC statistics; adaptation data are not analyzed for outcomes. Attend two formal sessions (Days 4-5), each with 15 blocks of 60 s (20 s rest + 40 s stimulus). The auditory stimulus is a 1 Hz amplitude-modulated pure tone at approximately 60 dB; 10-second white-noise bursts are randomly embedded within the 40-second window. During the stimulation period, participants receive real or sham feedback on right DLPFC activation and act to push the energy bar below an unlabeled threshold line using active volitional strategies. Undergo synchronous fNIRS (HbO) and 3-lead ECG (1,000 Hz) recording throughout; online processing and rendering performance metrics are logged; adverse events are monitored and managed per protocol.

The Prognostic Value of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Parameters in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study(CPETPCAD)

Parameters related to cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) are important objective indicators for evaluating cardiopulmonary function in patients with coronary heart disease. However, the clinical application of CPET parameters in the prognostic assessment of patients with coronary heart disease remains unclear. This is a retrospective cohort study designed to systematically collect real-world clinical data and long-term follow-up outcomes of patients with coronary heart disease. Through standardized follow-up, this study will investigate the association between CPET parameters and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease, as well as the relevant risk factors.

CORE-COMPARE Pilot Study

The utility of Ultra High-Resolution Computed Tomography (UHR-CT) compared to conventional CT in all-comers (i.e., a generally lower-risk population) remains uncertain but is an important area of study in order to justify wider spread implementation and use of this technology, particularly in light of reports of significantly higher radiation exposure with UHR-CT, as well as longer scan times. The availability of technology to reconstruct conventional resolution (CR) simulation images from the raw CT acquisition data acquired on the UHR-CT scanner offers a unique platform to study this question without subjecting individuals to two different scans. The primary objective of this study is to generate preliminary data in support of the hypothesis that noninvasive UHR-CT is superior to conventional resolution CT for identifying patients with obstructive CHD.

Effectiveness of a Tele-cardiac Rehabilitation (Tele-CR) Program

This study represents the second phase of a three-year research project aimed at evaluating both the short- and long-term effects of a six-month tele-cardiac rehabilitation (tele-CR) program in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The primary outcomes include quality of life, self-efficacy, self-management, medication adherence, and mental health (anxiety and depression). In addition, comprehensive metabolic parameters will be assessed, including body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and lipid profile markers such as triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL).

Proteomic and Inflammatory Omics Changes With Colchicine Therapy in Coronary Heart Disease

The goal of this exploratory clinical trial is to investigate the proteomic changes induced by low-dose colchicine anti-inflammatory therapy in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients, with the aim of identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Whether short-term colchicine treatment induces significant changes in the plasma proteomic profile of post-PCI CHD patients with residual inflammation. * Which specific proteins or pathways are dynamically modulated by colchicine, indicating potential mechanisms of action and drug targets. * How the proteomic expression profiles differ between patients treated with colchicine and matched controls after one month. Participants, recruited based on a prior RCT framework, will be post-PCI CHD patients with elevated inflammation (hs-CRP ≥ 2 mg/L). A total of 176 participants will be enrolled: 88 in the trial group (colchicine 0.5 mg/day) and 88 in the matched control group (no intervention). All participants will complete a one-month follow-up. Peripheral blood samples will be collected at baseline and at the one-month visit for high-throughput proteomic analysis using Olink technology.

Scalable Clinical Oversight of Large Language Models Via Uncertainty Triangulation

This prospective, multi-reader, randomized crossover trial evaluates SCOUT (Scalable Clinical Oversight via Uncertainty Triangulation), a model-agnostic meta-verification framework that selectively defers unreliable large language model (LLM) predictions to clinicians by triangulating three orthogonal uncertainty signals: model heterogeneity, stochastic inconsistency, and reasoning critique. The trial assesses whether SCOUT-assisted review can reduce physician review time compared with standard manual review of AI-generated diagnoses while maintaining non-inferior diagnostic accuracy in coronary heart disease (CHD) subtyping.

A Prospective Multicenter Clinical Study： IntracOronary neaR-Infrared Spectroscopy and OptIcal Coherence Tomography for Evaluating Coronary vulNerable Plaque in Patients With diabeTes

To evaluate the correlation between maxLCBI4mm/FCTmin(a new index of lipid plaque based on NIRS-OCT technology) and fiber cap thickness , and the prognosis of patients, providing a new quantitative index for early, accurate and comprehensive identification of vulnerable plaques, and exploring preventive measures for adverse events such as cardiac death and recurrent myocardial infarction caused by vulnerable plaques, so as to improve the long-term prognosis of patients.

REsiduAL rISk Under Intensive Lipid-lowering Therapy In Coronary Heart Disease

Intensive lipid-lowering therapy is a cornerstone treatment for coronary heart disease (CHD). However, coronary plaque progression persists in a subset of patients even under intensive lipid-lowering therapy, which may be associated with residual lipid and inflammatory risks. Current research in this area remains largely confined to post hoc analyses of randomized controlled trials , with a notable scarcity of prospective follow-up cohorts. The investigators propose that establishing a prospective cohort will provide more authentic insights into the associations between residual risk factors and plaque progression. In this project, the investigators aim to establish a well-characterized CHD cohort with comprehensive data collection, good compliance, and an appropriate sample size. By focusing on non-target lesions within the target vessel and utilizing intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), the investigators will investigate the impact of residual lipid and inflammatory risks on plaque progression during intensive lipid-lowering therapy.

AI-Driven Dynamic Prediction of Non-Target Lesion Progression After PCI: A Chinese Multicenter Cohort Study

Coronary artery disease remains a leading cause of global mortality. Although percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) improves patient outcomes, the long-term risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) driven by the progression of non-target lesions (NTLs) remains substantial and continues to increase, while current risk stratification tools remain inadequate for predicting NTL progression. This multicenter cohort study aims to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven system for the dynamic prediction and precision stratification of NTL progression after PCI. Utilizing comprehensive multimodal data from 52,577 Chinese patients-including clinical profiles, multi-omics blood biomarkers, and coronary imaging-the research pursues three primary objectives: (1) to identify and validate 2-3 specific biomarkers for NTL progression risk using multi-omics approaches; (2) to construct an integrated risk assessment and early-warning system by applying machine learning to multimodal data for predicting NTL progression and MACE; and (3) to establish metabolic and imaging-based subtypes to create a precision management system that optimizes secondary prevention strategies by identifying specific high-risk populations. This study is expected to provide a novel tool for accurate identification of high-risk patients and personalized post-PCI management, ultimately aiming to improve long-term prognosis.

Coronary Heart Disease Complicated With Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation in China

This project will rely on the established multi-center cooperation platform for total valve disease and based on the Carpentier classification, which is newly proposed and widely recognized by the academic community, and will specifically target the population with coronary heart disease combined with Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation（IMR） to conduct a nationwide, multi-center, single valve disease, prospective cohort. Research. From November 2025 to December 2025, 6,000 patients with coronary heart disease combined with moderate or above IMR were consecutively selected from outpatients or inpatients in 21 regional medical centers across the country, and clinical characteristics, imaging data, and serology were collected. Information, drug/surgical intervention status and clinical outcome indicators were included in the clinical follow-up at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months respectively. The main research objectives are to describe the disease characteristics, treatment status and clinical outcomes of coronary heart disease patients with IMR; to evaluate the current application status of GDMT strategies in IMR diagnosis and treatment practice and its impact on mid- and long-term prognosis. The secondary research objectives are to identify factors affecting prognosis, construct a risk stratification model for mid- and long-term prognosis, and discover new molecular markers. This project will for the first time construct the world's largest clearly defined cohort of coronary heart disease combined with IMR. Its research results can provide high-quality data and decision-making basis for precise diagnosis and treatment of IMR populations. Therefore, this project has important scientific research value and clinical guidance significance.

Verona Coronary Physiology Interventional Registry

The Verona Coronary Physiology Interventional Registry (VR-CP) is an observational study that collects information on patients with suspected coronary artery disease who underwent coronary angiography with a functional assessment of coronary stenoses. These functional tests include fractional flow reserve (FFR) or angiography-derived FFR, which help physicians understand whether a narrowing in the coronary arteries is likely to reduce blood flow to the heart. The main goal of the study is to investigate whether the functional severity of coronary lesions is associated with future cardiovascular events, such as heart attack, the need for repeat procedures, or cardiovascular death. Additional objectives are to compare invasive FFR with angiography-derived FFR, to evaluate how these values relate to angina symptoms, and to analyze differences between patients treated conservatively with medications and those treated with coronary interventions. The study is retrospective and single-center, including approximately 1,000 patients who underwent coronary physiology testing between 2010 and 2024 at the University Hospital of Verona. Follow-up information is obtained through review of medical records, outpatient visits, or telephone contacts, and patients will be followed for up to 10 years. By combining detailed coronary physiology data with long-term clinical outcomes, this registry aims to improve understanding of which patients are at higher risk and to guide future strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease.