Clinical Research Directory

Immune-Related Adverse Events and Clinical Outcomes of First-Line Immunotherapy in Egyptian Patients With Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The goal of this observational study is to evaluate how well first-line immunotherapy works and investigate its association with immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in Egyptian adults with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a type of liver cancer that cannot be removed by surgery. The main questions this study aims to answer are: * Are immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which are side effects caused by activation of the immune system, associated with treatment response and survival? * How effective and safe is first-line immunotherapy in Egyptian patients with unresectable HCC? The study will also explore whether routine blood markers, including eosinophil counts and markers of inflammation and nutritional status, are associated with treatment outcomes and the development of immune-related side effects. Changes in liver function and patients' health-related quality of life will also be evaluated. Approximately 294 patients receiving first-line immunotherapy as part of their routine medical care will be included. Patients may receive atezolizumab plus bevacizumab or durvalumab plus tremelimumab, as prescribed by their treating physicians. Researchers will not assign treatments or change patients' medical care. The study will include a review of existing medical records and prospective follow-up of eligible patients. Researchers will: * Review medical records to collect information about treatment, routine blood tests, imaging results, side effects, and clinical outcomes. * Follow eligible patients during routine medical visits to assess treatment response, survival, adverse events, and changes in liver function. * Ask prospectively enrolled participants to complete questionnaires about their health-related quality of life during scheduled follow-up assessments. Researchers will compare treatment outcomes between patients who develop irAEs and those who do not, while taking into account when these side effects occur.