Clinical Research Directory

High-Intensity Interval Training for Walking and Function Across Different Multiple Sclerosis Disability Levels

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease that can affect daily functioning, mobility, and overall quality of life. High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is known to be a time-efficient exercise approach that improves exercise capacity and reduces fatigue in MS. However, current research lacks sufficient data on how HIIT affects individuals with different levels of disability. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of a stationary bicycle-based HIIT protocol on maximum walking distance, fatigue, balance, muscle strength, endurance, gait speed, and quality of life in MS patients across three different disability levels: mild, moderate, and severe (classified according to Expanded Disability Status Scale - EDSS scores). Participants will complete a cycle ergometer-based HIIT program. Assessments will be conducted at three time points: Before starting the exercise program (baseline) Immediately after completing the program (post-treatment) 4 weeks after the completion of the program (follow-up) To ensure unbiased results, a triple-blind design will be used, meaning the outcome assessor, the treating physiotherapist, and the data analyst will be blinded to group assignments. The findings aim to help clinicians tailor personalized, effective HIIT protocols based on a patient's specific disability level rather than using a standardized, one-size-fits-all approach in MS rehabilitation.

Comparison of Frailty, Physical Fitness Parameters, and Irisin Levels Between Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Volunteers

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system that often affects young adults and is more common in women. In addition to neurological disability, individuals with MS frequently experience frailty, a condition characterized by reduced physiological reserve, weakness, fatigue, decreased physical activity, and increased vulnerability to stressors. Frailty in MS is associated with poorer mobility, higher fall risk, reduced quality of life, and increased healthcare utilization. Irisin, a hormone released from skeletal muscles during exercise, is linked to energy metabolism and muscle function, and lower levels have been associated with reduced physical performance and sarcopenia. However, the relationship between frailty, physical fitness, and irisin levels in individuals with MS has not been sufficiently explored. This study aims to compare frailty status, physical fitness parameters, and circulating irisin levels between patients with MS and healthy volunteers aged 18-65 years. Participants will undergo assessments including the Functional Independence Measure, Frailty Index, Berg Balance Scale, 6-Minute Walk Test, and handgrip strength measurement. Blood samples will also be collected to determine irisin levels using the ELISA method. Statistical analyses will evaluate differences between groups and correlations among frailty, functional performance, and irisin levels. The findings are expected to improve understanding of frailty mechanisms in MS and contribute to developing targeted rehabilitation and management strategies.