Clinical Research Directory

Effects of Hand Massage and Stress Ball Interventions During Eyelid Surgery

This randomized, single-center, three-arm, parallel-group trial evaluated the effects of intraoperative hand massage and stress ball use on anxiety, early postoperative pain, and physiological parameters in adults undergoing eyelid surgery under local or topical anesthesia. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to the hand massage, stress ball, or control group. The hand massage group received a 10-minute massage administered by a trained researcher using hypoallergenic baby oil, with 5 minutes applied to each hand. The stress ball group squeezed and released a soft, latex-free stress ball at 5-second intervals for 10 minutes during surgery. The control group received routine intraoperative care without an additional study intervention. The primary outcome was postoperative state anxiety. Secondary outcomes were visual analog scale anxiety, postoperative pain, blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation.