Clinical Research Directory

Diaphragm Ultrasound and Neuromuscular Monitoring for Predicting Early Respiratory Events After Extubation

The goal of this prospective observational study is to learn whether diaphragm ultrasound and quantitative neuromuscular monitoring can predict early respiratory events after extubation in adults having elective surgery under general anesthesia. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Are lower diaphragm thickening fraction and diaphragm excursion before extubation associated with early respiratory events after extubation? * How well do diaphragm ultrasound parameters and the train-of-four (TOF) ratio predict these events? Participants will receive their usual anesthesia care. Diaphragm ultrasound will be performed at four time points: before induction of anesthesia, 5 minutes after induction, before extubation, and 30 minutes after extubation in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). The TOF ratio will be recorded with routine quantitative neuromuscular monitoring. Respiratory events will be recorded from extubation until discharge from the PACU.